Distributed Solar: The Democratizaton of Energy
Blogroll
- Earle Wilson
- Charlie Kufs' "Stats With Cats" blog “You took Statistics 101. Now what?”
- Hermann Scheer Hermann Scheer was a visionary, a major guy, who thought deep thoughts about energy, and its implications for humanity’s relationship with physical reality
- Higgs from AIR describing NAO and EA Stephanie Higgs from AIR Worldwide gives a nice description of NAO and EA in the context of discussing “The Geographic Impact of Climate Signals on European Winter Storms”
- Number Cruncher Politics
- GeoEnergy Math Prof Paul Pukite’s Web site devoted to energy derived from geological and geophysical processes and categorized according to its originating source.
- Comprehensive Guide to Bayes Rule
- Tim Harford's “More or Less'' Tim Harford explains – and sometimes debunks – the numbers and statistics used in political debate, the news and everyday life
- Busting Myths About Heat Pumps Heat pumps are perhaps the most efficient heating and cooling systems available. Recent literature distributed by utilities hawking natural gas and other sources use performance figures from heat pumps as they were available 15 years ago. See today’s.
- All about Sankey diagrams
- All about models
- What If
- NCAR AtmosNews
- Giant vertical monopolies for energy have stopped making sense
- Mark Berliner's video lecture "Bayesian mechanistic-statistical modeling with examples in geophysical settings"
- ggplot2 and ggfortify Plotting State Space Time Series with ggplot2 and ggfortify
- Dominic Cummings blog Chief advisor to the PM, United Kingdom
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation
- Prediction vs Forecasting: Knaub “Unfortunately, ‘prediction,’ such as used in model-based survey estimation, is a term that is often subsumed under the term ‘forecasting,’ but here we show why it is important not to confuse these two terms.”
- Label Noise
- Karl Broman
- Logistic curves in market disruption From DollarsPerBBL, about logistic or S-curves as models of product take-up rather than exponentials, with notes on EVs
- South Shore Recycling Cooperative Materials management, technical assistance and networking, town advocacy, public outreach
- Healthy Home Healthy Planet
- BioPython A collection of Python tools for quantitative Biology
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)
- Awkward Botany
- Beautiful Weeds of New York City
- Mrooijer's Numbers R 4Us
- Gabriel's staircase
- London Review of Books
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
- Los Alamos Center for Bayesian Methods
- Professor David Draper
- Slice Sampling
- WEAPONS OF MATH DESTRUCTION, reviews Reviews of Cathy O’Neil’s new book
- Simon Wood's must-read paper on dynamic modeling of complex systems I highlighted Professor Wood’s paper in https://hypergeometric.wordpress.com/2014/12/26/struggling-with-problems-already-attacked/
- Brendon Brewer on Overfitting Important and insightful presentation by Brendon Brewer on overfitting
- "Perpetual Ocean" from NASA GSFC
- International Society for Bayesian Analysis (ISBA)
- The Alliance for Securing Democracy dashboard
- Dollars per BBL: Energy in Transition
- SASB Sustainability Accounting Standards Board
- Dr James Spall's SPSA
- Quotes by Nikola Tesla Quotes by Nikola Tesla, including some of others he greatly liked.
- Nadler Strategy, LLC, on sustainability Thinking about business, efficient and effective management, and business value
- Mike Bloomberg, 2020 He can get progress on climate done, has the means and experts to counter the Trump and Republican digital disinformation machine, and has the experience, knowledge, and depth of experience to achieve and unify.
- American Statistical Association
- distributed solar and matching location to need
- Ted Dunning
climate change
- Andy Zucker's "Climate Change and Psychology"
- CLIMATE ADAM Previously from the Science news staff at the podcast of Nature (“Nature Podcast”), the journal, now on YouTube, encouraging climate action through climate comedy.
- SOLAR PRODUCTION at Westwood Statistical Studios Generation charts for our home in Westwood, MA
- "Warming Slowdown?" (part 2 of 2) The idea of a global warming slowdown or hiatus is critically examined, emphasizing the literature, the datasets, and means and methods for telling such. The second part.
- Climate impacts on retail and supply chains
- NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index report The annual assessment by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the radiative forcing from constituent atmospheric greenhouse gases
- Professor Robert Strom's compendium of resources on climate change Truly excellent
- “The Irrelevance of Saturation: Why Carbon Dioxide Matters'' (Bart Levenson)
- The beach boondoggle Prof Rob Young on how owners of beach property are socializing their risks at costs to all of us, not the least being it seems coastal damage is less than it actually is
- Warming slowdown discussion
- "Getting to the Energy Future We Want," Dr Steven Chu
- The Sunlight Economy
- Nick Bower's "Scared Scientists"
- Mrooijer's Global Temperature Explorer
- Isaac Held's blog In the spirit of Ray Pierrehumbert’s “big ideas come from small models” in his textbook, PRINCIPLES OF PLANETARY CLIMATE, Dr Held presents quantitative essays regarding one feature or another of the Earth’s climate and weather system.
- James Hansen and granddaughter Sophie on moving forward with progress on climate
- Sea Change Boston
- Mathematics and Climate Research Network The Mathematics and Climate Research Network (MCRN) engages mathematicians to collaborating on the cryosphere, conceptual model validation, data assimilation, the electric grid, food systems, nonsmooth systems, paleoclimate, resilience, tipping points.
- ATTP summarizes all that stuff about Committed Warming from AND THEN THERE’S PHYSICS
- "Mighty Microgrids" Webinar This is a Webinar on YouTube about Microgrids from the Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR), featuring New York State and Minnesota
- Energy payback period for solar panels Considering everything, how long do solar panels have to operate to offset the energy used to produce them?
- Climate change: Evidence and causes A project of the UK Royal Society: (1) Answers to key questions, (2) evidence and causes, and (3) a short guide to climate science
- HotWhopper: It's excellent. Global warming and climate change. Eavesdropping on the deniosphere, its weird pseudo-science and crazy conspiracy whoppers.
- Ray Pierrehumbert's site related to "Principles of Planetary Climate" THE book on climate science
- Paul Beckwith Professor Beckwith is, in my book, one of the most insightful and analytical observers on climate I know. I highly recommend his blog, and his other informational products.
- Eli on the spectroscopic basis of atmospheric radiation physical chemistry
- Interview with Wally Broecker Interview with Wally Broecker
- `Who to believe on climate change': Simple checks By Bart Verheggen
- Exxon-Mobil statement on UNFCCC COP21
- All Models Are Wrong Dr Tamsin Edwards blog about uncertainty in science, and climate science
- Thriving on Low Carbon
- Agendaists Eli Rabett’s coining of a phrase
- Anti—Anti-#ClimateEmergency Whether to declare a climate emergency is debatable. But some critics have gone way overboard.
- Steve Easterbrook's excellent climate blog: See his "The Internet: Saving Civilization or Trashing the Planet?" for example Heavy on data and computation, Easterbrook is a CS prof at UToronto, but is clearly familiar with climate science. I like his “The Internet: Saving Civilization or Trashing the Planet” very much.
- Ellenbogen: There is no Such Thing as Wind Turbine Syndrome
- Rabett Run Incisive analysis of climate science versus deliberate distraction
- The Green Plate Effect Eli Rabett’s “The Green Plate Effect”
- Bloomberg interactive graph on “What's warming the world''
- The Carbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle, monitored by The Carbon Project
- Skeptical Science
- Simple models of climate change
- Reanalyses.org
- Spectra Energy exposed
- An open letter to Steve Levitt
- Climate Change Reports By John and Mel Harte
- Grid parity map for Solar PV in United States
- Ricky Rood's “What would happen to climate if we (suddenly) stopped emitting GHGs today?
- Équiterre Equiterre helps build a social movement by encouraging individuals, organizations and governments to make ecological and equitable choices, in a spirit of solidarity.
- Tuft's Professor Kenneth Lang on the physical chemistry of the Greenhouse Effect
- Climate at a glance Current state of the climate, from NOAA
Archives
Jan Galkowski
National Phenology Network observations, in part, 29th March 2024
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Climate Zombies, AGAIN
/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/03/zombie-climate-myths-that-refuse-to-die-feat-bob-henson/
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Pohlia nutans
Some images captured in 2021 (*). I have many of these throughout their life cycle.
I wanted to contribute some to The Bryophyte Portal database (**), but I don’t know how or what criteria of documentation they want and need. Guess I will collect these for my own libraries.
I have samples, too.
(*) https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/199483639
(**) https://bryophyteportal.org/portal/imagelib/index.php?taxon=Pohlia
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Pathos in Texas
If you can’t win in a free market, take away enough freedom and choice so you can win.
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Adobe Lightroom for scientific photos
As some readers may know, now I’m retired, I am deeply invested in a multiyear longitudinal study of (primarily) mosses (Bryophyta) at 25 plots near my home. This has been running since end of November 2020, with the first month spent deciding what to do and where.
I have also spend much of the first half of 2021 learning field work and tooling up with equipment and techniques for doing this project, and starting a couple of side projects, some because of suggestions from university bryologists. More about those some other day.
My primary dataset are photos, principally using macrophotography. I do have specimens and they are stored in the conventional way for bryology, as dried pieces of moss in paper envelopes documented with collection information. But because this survey entails getting one or more photos of each of my plots each week, as well as supporting photographs and videos, I now have 5200 high resolution photographs.
I had been storing these in Google Photos, but it offers no capability for mass tagging or editing EXIF data associated with photos, even as collected in albums. So there is no way to tag all photos in an album declaring, say, these or a bunch are Climacium americanum. I have struggled the last two months to find a way around this, including trying to write code to manage photos in Google Photos from R, and shopping for packages and utilities.
After asking at talkphotography.co.uk, Jonathan Ryan suggested Adobe Lightroom. At first I did not realize that it backs up its photos on Adobe Cloud rather than locally, so I was hesitant, since I cannot trust putting this painstakingly collected data entirely on a local disk. But it does, and I have now migrated entirely onto Lightroom. And I am beginning the tagging I wanted to do at Google but could not. And I am learning to use LR with facility.
I should remark I am on my way back. I fell down some stairs in December 2021 and have spent the time since in hospital and at home recovering, thanks mostly to my wife, Claire, and my kids, Dave and Jeff, Jeff’s wife and his daughter. I am gradually getting my balance back, thanks to time my docs, and my Physical Therapist, Savannah, at Bay State Physical therapy in Westwood.
And I am working to get my moss macrophotography back, thanks to professor emerita Janice Glime, and to Dr Des Callaghan who recommended excellent replacement apparatus from his extensive experience. (Check out his photography and his projects.) Professor Glime is also author of a definitive work on bryophyte ecology which is the α and ω for such work:
Bryophyte Ecology is an ebook comprised of 5 volumes written by Janice Glime, Professor Emerita of Biological Sciences at Michigan Technological University. Chapter coauthors include Irene Bisang, S. Robbert Gradstein, J. Lissner, W. J. Boelema, and D. H. Wagner.
This book is written in the hope that it is useful to a broad audience, from children to seasoned professionals. Its citations help the scientist find further information. The images help the beginner to understand. Its aim is to broaden the group of people who appreciate and understand the roles that bryophytes play in our world.
(contact)
Stranded Assets Nightmare
Yeah, a lot of people are going to be hurt. Should they have known better? Very probably. Were they led to their conclusion by misrepresentation on the part of companies they invested in? Definitely. (Will that lead to class action suits against such companies? I hope so.) Still, these are people, perhaps too unsophisticated to invest in this market but nonetheless.
Alas, the financial markets system touts such resolution in markets as canonical, and they have nothing to do with resolving it. People choose and the outcomes reflect the wisdom of their choice or they don’t.
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Botkin’s Discordant Harmonies, a comment
The 1990 book Discordant Harmonies by Daniel B Botkin, professor of Biology and Environmental Studies, is a wonderful treatment of Ecology, the subject, and Ecology, the policy, as it should be seen. Professor Botkin is first and foremost a teacher, and in doing so he brings the reader to see how ecosystems work, how interactions among coexisting species is complicated and nonlinear, and how human interventions based upon ironclad policies unresponsive to feedback and monitoring data inevitably fail.
Professor Botkin also gives the reader an education about various quasi-biological and quasi-botanical ideas, like those which attend notions of invasive species. That oughtn’t be a strange critique to readers of this blog, because I’ve noted it elsewhere. (I’ve noted it twice in fact.)
I promised to read it, and I did, and I took copious notes. This, however, is not a review, for any such review would need to be detailed and would have overwhelmingly positive things to say. This, instead, is a comment about a point which I believe Professor Botkin got wrong in the book, and I’m only qualified to say something because it concerns something squarely within my wheelhouse: The world of quantitative modeling. Note I have done a minimal review elsewhere.
I also need to note that Professor Botkin wrote an update to this book, one called The Moon in the Nautilus Shell, written a decade later, which may have other views about the opinions expressed in Discordant Harmonies. I cannot say yet. I am reading The Moon. I have not yet finished. I may update this comment if I find something which revises or clarifies.
The point I believe Professor Botkin got wrong in Discordant Harmonies was his interpretation of what the Lotka-Volterra differential equations model means, how it is to be used, and its implications. This is a major concern of the third chapter of Part I (“The Current Dilemma”). It’s possible for anyone to get something wrong. I do, often, but then I learn and correct. In the case of Professor Botkin, unfortunately, while, per The Moon he might eventually get it right, in Discordant Harmonies the critique of the Lotka-Volterra model is seized as a paradigm for what is wrong about a computationally based, “machine”-oriented approach to managing ecosystems. Such approaches to natural management may well have severe imperfections, but Professor Botkin’s interpretation of Lotka-Volterra cannot be their basis. Because his interpretation is, well, just wrong.
I should say my own prejudices come from an interest in sessile, botanical communities, most recently, mosses, and to the degree that may or may not have a bearing upon my view, I feel readers should know. My own first introduction to Lotka-Volterra came in the text:
Peter Yodzis, Competition for Space and the Structure of Ecological Communities, Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, 25, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
These equations are a set of coupled linear differential equations which offer a simple model to describe aspects of real ecological communities. They are not a complete description, nor were they ever proposed to be a complete description. But to the degree to which they successfully capture features of actual biological systems, notably ecological systems, their presence gives powerful ideas for biologists and people to think about such systems. Professor Raymond Pierrehumbert, a geophysicist, has a dedication in his textbook Principles of Planetary Climate which captures this idea:
For Arnold E Ross, who taught us to think deeply of simple things
R. Pierrehumbert, Principles of Planetary Climate (2010), Cambridge University Press, frontspiece.
Lotka-Volterra equations have been used in many successful ways to describe many such systems, not all biological. They are an idea, that powerful idea. They are not a complete vision, nor are they, in themselves, the basis for policy.
The critical flaw in Botkin’s treatment is he took from Lotka-Volterra the limit or extreme cases as being the only contribution they had, and he has, in his text, no understanding that these are dynamical systems with complexity and nuance, describing a whole range of behaviors and interactions beyond and besides these canonical limit cases. Indeed, Lotka-Volterra systems come in many orders. The standard presentation and introduction to them is the predator-prey model with a single predator and a single prey, but these can be made endlessly more complicated, introducing a forage for the prey which grows at a fixed rate per unit time, or a forage which grows at such a rate and then is impacted by a drought, or a predator which preys on the previous predator as well as the prey, or many other complications, all within a quantitative framework.
Botkin’s key failure is a statement
Lacking the understanding to analyze and thereby criticize these equations, they accepted them on the basis of authority.
D. Botkin, Discordant Harmonies, page 41
Botkin then goes on to recapitulate what “they” took away from “these equations”, notions of stability. In fact, it’s clear the lack “of understanding” he cites not only failed “field ecologists” in their criticism of the equations, if Botkin is correct, it also failed them in the conclusions which the equations presented. For Lotka-Volterra systems, like many dynamical systems, are anything but stable, and anyone who concludes otherwise has grossly misunderstood not only Lotka-Volterra equations, but the whole significance of dynamical systems theory of which they are a small part.
This might be a small piece of a dark corner of biological, but names like Lorenz and Mandelbrot and Smale were out there, investigating chaos theory which is all about these kinds of systems. Indeed, they appear in a major way in the 1974 textbook by Hirsch and Smale Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra as Chapter 12.
My conclusion is that both for Botkin and his “field ecologists” the problem is and was not the Lotka-Volterra paradigm, but their failure to learn enough mathematics to appreciate what Lotka-Volterra and differential equations meant. And that’s not the fault of Lotka, Volterra, differential equations, or mathematics. That’s Botkin’s fault. That’s the ecologists’ fault.
And that is another reason why I, a retired statistician and quantitative engineer, am trying with the kind help of a few erudite and experienced bryologists and ecologists to bring mathematics back into biology in a practical way, if only in bryology.
Posted in ecology, quantitative ecology
Tagged Botkin, discordant harmonies, dynamical sytems, ecology, innumeracy, Lotka-Volterra, mathematics
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‘Keystone Pipeline Developers Seek $15 Billion From U.S. for Cancellation’
TC Energy Corporation is seeking to recover costs and damages from “regulatory roller coaster” and ultimate shutdown of the Keystone XL pipeline construction project.
“We’re not doing this for symbolic or political purposes. This is a business decision,” Prior said in an interview. “We had all the permits and requirements in place to start construction on the line, and did so, and we worked with federal and state regulators in both countries for a very long period of time. This is just about recovering that destroyed value of investment.”
Bloomberg By Jennifer A Dlouhy, November 22, 2021, 4:30 PM EST
The thing is, if this suit were awarded, could fossil fuel companies in future seek to recover costs and damages for assets stranded by a hypothetical future U.S. law which prohibits emissions from burning of fossil fuels?
The American legal system and its Constitution are a mess, at least in terms of environmental legislation.
My favorite presentation on climate disruption these days
Corinne Le Quéré | TEDxWarwick
Speaking of showing oscillations …
Feliks, Yizhak, Justin Small, and Michael Ghil. "Global oscillatory modes in high-end climate modeling and reanalyses." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 11 (2021): 3385-3411.
Photo of the week: Repeatedly distressed Mnium hornum
This Mnium hornum community is located near a brook which occasionally overflows its banks and at a relative elevation lower than the brook floor. Because of unusual big rains in Dover, Massachusetts in 2021, this hornum community has been inundated by water and mud several times since early June 2021. The withered or dark stems and leaves show the aftereffects of these. The good structured and colored leaves show recovering stems.
This photographic result and, in fact, a series of them come from my ongoing longitudinal study of mosses at four sites in Westwood and Dover, Massachusetts, having a protocol of weekly visits and surveys. There are 33 plots involved. Two of the sites are brooks like the one having the Mnium hornum above.
Gee, if all maths classes were like this, they’d be exhausting …
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“Aggregating the harms of fossil fuels”
From Dan Farber at Legal Planet, the post.
Price the Roads
You can have a Carbon Tax, or a Carbon Dividend scheme. Or, instead, you can price entry into a zone of a city, sometimes called a congestion tax, or an emissions tax. Or you can price travel on the roads.
Options for doing this are now incredibly flexible. Vehicles need to be registered with their state. Technology for reading license plates at times is now awesomely reliable. Registrations give the type of car associated with the registration, so, the authority knows how many emissions per mile it typically exudes.
These pricings used to be called tolls, as on the Massachusetts Turnpike in the United States. All ICE cars pay a toll in their gasoline tax which helps to pay for highway and road repairs, but EVs don’t, because EVs don’t buy gasoline.
There has been discussion about charging some kind of annual premium to cars atop their town surcharge to compensate for this. But that’s a flat fee, not a usage-based fee, and so it has drawbacks. This modern technology and modern needs associated with low emissions or low congestion zones gives the idea. Price road use. When any vehicle uses a road, there should be a small charge imposed on the vehicle, to an account associated with that vehicle. (It wouldn’t be difficult to demand a credit card or checking account be set to justify that.) That fee can be flexible, varying by the road, by the type of vehicle, even by the time. The latter sophistication would deflect the avoidance tactics some use to fail to pay for road use, such as some silly drivers who refuse to use the Massachusetts Turnpike.
Out of state drivers could be warned, if they are occasional visitors, or expected to enroll, if they are regular ones. After all, their vehicles use and harm the roads, too. The occasional visitor might be tagged a flat fee, payable at their first encounter with a public service, whether a toll booth (via the EZ Pass system) or a parking meter or an EV charging station or a gasoline station.
There’s new evidence and argument this works quite well. Matthew Tarduno did it.
EVs ought to pay their way. But so should ICE vehicles, on all roads they use, not just designated highways. This can be used to reduce emissions, too, by discriminating upon vehicle type and model, and favoring EVs over emissions intensive ICE vehicles.
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Fecklessness
(A post inspired by Professor Christian Robert at his blog.)
This is from The New Yorker‘s 7th November 2021 issue. It features an article by staff writer Elizabeth Kolbert titled “Running out of time at the U.N. climate conference” which is subtitled “To really appreciate America’s fecklessness, you have to go back to the meeting that preceded all the bad COPs—the so-called Earth Summit, in 1992.” That article reports (excerpts):
To really appreciate America’s fecklessness, however, you have to go all the way back to the conference that preceded all these bad cops—the so-called Earth Summit, in 1992. At that meeting, in Rio de Janeiro, President George H. W. Bush signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which committed the world to preventing “dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” At the United States’ insistence, the convention included no timetable or specific targets for action … The sad fact is that, when it comes to climate change, there’s no making up for lost time. Every month that carbon emissions remain at current levels—they’re running at about forty billion tons a year—adds to the eventual misery. Had the U.S. started to lead by example three decades ago, the situation today would be very different.
Elizabeth Kolbert, November 7, 2021, The New Yorker
Professor Katharine Hayhoe quoted via Twitter via Peter Sinclair’s Climate Denial Crock of the Week argues we just need to keep going. But I think governments aren’t up to this, and business and corporations need to take the lead (paywall at link, Financial Times).
David Wallace Wells …The Uninhabitable Earth and its implications
Think of this in the context of whatever investments you have.
Don’t like high or volatile petrol prices? Get an EV to replace your gas-guzzling thang
Volatility in prices is inherent in fossil fuels, and fuels for internal combustion vehicles. This variation can be detrimental or even nasty to households.
One solution is to switch to EVs, which do not have this volatility in their price lines.
If you don’t, you are throwing money away.
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Clearly not consumption based … but, well …
To see a clearer more detailed ersion of the above image, right-click and choose “open in new tab.”
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We are living through the closing door of climate targets
Where we are now, and what we have to do to limit to +2C:
And, as far as +1.5C goes, it’s gone. Or at least that target can no longer met without invoking the fantasyland of negative emissions. There isn’t enough time.
Sunday’s Storms Made Gas More Expensive, Thanks To Yet More East Bay Refinery Flare-Ups
Petrol too expensive? Replace your cars with EVs! There are plenty of choices. And, better still, replace your heating/cooling with electric heat pumps, and your appliances. Install PV solar on your roof and property. Get batteries, and almost leave your local grid. You can take back control of your energy supply from your utility.
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All about net ZERO
It’s more about the zero than the net.
From Climate Adam. I support Climate Adam through Patreon. You should, too. At least see, listen to, and like his vids. They’re great.
I like the part about making a definitive plan, and acting upon it.
This isn’t only for companies. It’s for people and families, churches and schools and towns. Y’can’t really help the climate problem by just doing a couple of easy things. Everything needs to change. It’s going there anyway. If you do it yourself, you’ll be ready for the time you’ll economically have to do it.
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Tagged climate action, climate disruption, getting something real done, net zero
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Words from Mother Jones
Mother Jones is rich this Autumn.
- Tom Philpott’s “The UN’s Big Climate Summit Is Ignoring a Giant Red Flag“, namely, emissions from global agriculture. These produce a quarter of global annual emissions.
- Clive Thompson’s “Is Sucking Carbon Out of the Air the Solution to Our Climate Crisis? Or just another Big Oil boondoggle?“
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Well, brevity in argument is not something to be expected from training at new, Palantir-supported University of Austin
Or maybe it’s just Niall Ferguson.
I’m sure the educational institution will succeed, if only because of student sifting, being located in Texas.
I’m surprised they call themselves a “university.” They had choices. MIT doesn’t.
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‘Will Ford do away with the dealer model?’
Now there’s a question of the moment!
Ford’s CEO Says Tesla Needs To Be Taken Seriously As The Dominant Player In The EV Market
That’s an article by Johnna Crider at CleanTechnica.
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Hydrogen production from curtailed generation
Why is it necessary that wind+solar+storage systems be “sized to meet peak demand”? That’s particularly true if capital costs per kWh for constructing them are very low, fractions of operating costs of fossil fuel installations. Why not build them to be multiples of peak demand, thereby protecting generation from lack of wind or insolation on a portion of the generating footprint.
This assumes, of course, that adequate land is available to site these, which is why constraints upon land use is effectively a subsidy to fossil fuel generation.
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